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Space architecture, in its simplest definition, is the theory and practice of designing and building inhabited environments in outer space. The architectural approach to spacecraft design addresses the total built environment. It is mainly based on the field of engineering (especially aerospace engineering), but also involves diverse disciplines such as physiology, psychology, and sociology. Like architecture on Earth, the attempt is to go beyond the component elements and systems and gain a broad understanding of the issues that affect design success. Much space architecture work has been in designing concepts for orbital space stations and lunar and Martian exploration ships and surface bases for the world's space agencies, chiefly NASA. The practice of involving architects in the space program grew out of the Space Race, although its origins can be seen much earlier. The need for their involvement stemmed from the push to extend space mission durations and address the needs of astronauts including but beyond minimum survival needs. Space architecture is currently represented in several institutions. The Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) is an academic organization with the University of Houston that offers a Master of Science in Space Architecture. SICSA also works design contracts with corporations and space agencies. In Europe, International Space University is deeply involved in space architecture research. The International Conference on Environmental Systems meets annually to present sessions on human spaceflight and space human factors. Within the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the Space Architecture Technical Committee has been formed. Despite the historical pattern of large government-led space projects and university-level conceptual design, the advent of space tourism threatens to shift the outlook for space architecture work. ==Etymology== The word ''space'' in space architecture is referring to the ''outer space'' definition, which is from English ''outer'' and ''space''. ''Outer'' can be defined as "situated on or toward the outside; external; exterior" and originated around 1350-1400 in Middle English. ''Space'' is "an area, extent, expanse, lapse of time," the aphetic of Old French ''espace'' dating to 1300. ''Espace'' is from Latin ''spatium'', "room, area, distance, stretch of time," and is of uncertain origin. In space architecture, speaking of ''outer space'' usually means the region of the universe outside Earth's atmosphere, as opposed to outside the atmospheres of all terrestrial bodies. This allows the term to include such domains as the lunar and Martian surfaces. ''Architecture'', the concatenation of ''architect'' and ''-ure'', dates to 1563, coming from Middle French ''architecte''. This term is of Latin origin, formerly ''architectus'', which came from Greek ''arkhitekton''. ''Arkitekton'' means "master builder" and is from the combination of ''arkhi-'' "chief" and ''tekton'' "builder". The human experience is central to architecture - the primary difference between space architecture and spacecraft engineering. There is some debate over the terminology of space architecture. Some consider the field to be a specialty within architecture that applies architectural principles to space applications. Others such as Ted Hall of the University of Michigan see space architects as generalists, with what is traditionally considered architecture (Earth-bound or terrestrial architecture) being a subset of a broader space architecture. Any structures that fly in space will likely remain for some time highly dependent on Earth-based infrastructure and personnel for financing, development, construction, launch, and operation. Therefore it is a matter of discussion how much of these earthly assets are to be considered part of space architecture. The technicalities of the term space architecture are open to some level of interpretation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Space architecture」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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